Water-Fired Chiller Performance: Fuel Switching and Sustainable Energy Solutions


Fuel Switching for Cost-Effective and Carbon Neutral Cooling


Water Fired Single-Effect Chillers and Chiller-Heaters

Performance Characteristics at 44.6°F (7°C)

Yazaki's water-fired chiller delivers high-performance cooling solutions, featuring cutting-edge technologies such as fuel switching, biomass integration, and waste heat recovery. Designed for carbon neutral operations, these chillers offer flexible solutions for industries that require energy-efficient process cooling. With cogeneration capabilities, our chillers maximize energy use by generating both cooling and electricity.

Performance Characteristics at 44.6°F (7°C)

Key Features of Water-Fired Chiller Performance

Fuel Switching for Cost-Effective and Carbon Neutral Cooling

Energy Efficiency and Load Shifting in Water-Fired Chillers

Maximizing Performance with Biomass and Waste Heat Recovery

Cogeneration: Efficient Cooling and Power Generation

Optimizing Process Cooling with Water-Fired Thermal Chillers

Non-Electric and Quiet Chiller Options for Sensitive Environments

The chiller can operate on a variety of fuels, including biomass, providing the flexibility to optimize energy costs while supporting carbon neutral operations.




Designed with advanced technologies, the water-fired chiller is highly efficient, utilizing load shifting to reduce energy costs during peak demand hours.




Notes:

  1. Bold blue lines indicate rated design conditions. Where these lines cross designate the Standard Rating Point.

  2. All curves are based on water in all circuits flowing at rated design condition flow rates.

  3. Heating Efficiency = 97%

  4. Performance may be interpolated but must not be extrapolated.

  5. Expanded performance curves are provided for reference only. Contact Yazaki Energy Systems, Inc. to obtain certified performance ratings from the f ac t ory or t o det ermine performance at other conditions outside the scope of this publication.

  6. Performance data based upon standard fouling factor of 0.0005 ft2hr°F/BTU in all circuits.

Absorption Chiller Heat Balance

Heat in = Heat out
Qg + Qe = Qc
Where: Qg = Actual Heat Input to Generator
  Qe = Actual Cooling capacity
Qc = Actual Heat Rejected to Tower
 
Cooling Capacity
Qe = CCF x HMFCF x RCC
Where: Qe = Actual Cooling Capacity
  CCF = Cooling Capacity Factor
HMFCF = Flow Correction Factor
RCC = Rated Cooling Capacity
 
Heat Input (Cooling)
Qg = HIF x HMFCF x RHI
Where: Qg = Actual Heat Input to Generator
  HIF = Heat Input Factor
HMFCF = Flow Correction Factor
RHI = Rated Heat Input
 
Heating capacity
Qh = HCF x HMFCF x RHC
Where: Qh = Actual Heating Capacity
  HCF = Heating Capacity Factor
HMFCF = Flow Correction Factor
RHC = Rated Heating Capacity
 
Heat Input (Heating)
Qg = Qh / 0.97
Where: Qg = Actual Heat Input to Generator
  Qh = Actual Heating Capacity
 
Temperature Difference (oF)
T = Qx in Mbtuh / (0.5 x Qa)
Where: = Temperature Difference
  Qx = Actual BTUH Transferred
Qa = Actual Flow Rate in GPM
 
Press. Drop for Nonstandard Flow (PSI)
Pa = Pr x (Qa / Qr)2
Where: Pa = Actual Pressure Drop
  Pr = Rated Design Pressure Drop
Qa = Actual Flow Rate in GPM
Qr = Rated Design Flow Rate GPM
 
P=

STANDARD
PRESS. DROP

x

(

NONSTANDARD FLOW
STANDARD FLOW

)2
Example 1:
Heat medium input temperature..........195°F
  Heat medium flow............................114.1 GPM
Cooling water inlet temperature..........85.1°F
  Cooling water flow...........................242.5 GPM
Chilled water outlet temperature.........44.6°F
  Hot water outlet temperature.............131°F
  Chilled/hot water flow........................72.6 GPM
Chiller-heater model.......WFC-SH30

Refer to Performance Charts for Curves (Page 7) and to Specifications (Page 5) for Rated Design Information on the Model WFC-SC/SH30.
   
1. Available Cooling Capacity:
  CCF at 195°F Heat Medium = 1.12
Heat Medium Flow = 114.1 / 114.1 = 100%
HMFCF for 100% Flow Rate = 1.0
Rated Cooling Capacity = 360.0 Mbtuh
Qe = 1.12 x 1.0 x 360.0 = 403.2 Mbtuh (33.6 T)
 
Chilled Water T =

403.2 /
(0.5 x 72.6)

 = 11.1 oF
  Chilled Water P= 10.1 * (72.6/72.6)2 = 10.1 PSI
   
2. HEAT INPUT (COOLING):
  HIF for 195°F Heat Medium = 1.177
  HMFCF for 100% Flow Rate = 1.0
  Rated Heat Input = 514.2 Mbtuh
  Qg = 1.17 x 1.0 x 514.2 = 601.6 Mbtuh Heat Input
 
Heat Medium T =

601.6 /
(0.5 x 114.1)

 = 10.5 oF
  Heat Medium P = 8.8 * (114.1 / 114.1)2 = 8.8 PSI
   
3. HEAT REJECTED TO COOLING TOWER:
Qc = Qg + Qe
Qc = 601.6 + 403.2 = 1004.8 Mbtuh
Required minimum flow rate = 242.5 GPM
The cooling tower selected must be capable of rejecting a minimum of 1004.8 Mbtuh at a minimum flow rate of 242.5 GPM.
 
Cooling Water T =

1004.8 /
(0.5 x 242.5)

 = 8.3 oF
  Cooling Water P = 6.7 * (242.5/242.5)2 = 6.7 PSI
   

4.

 AVAILABLE HEATING CAPACITY:
  HCF at 195°F Heat Medium = 1.12
  HMFCF for 100% Flow Rate = 1.0
  Rated Heating Capacity = 498.9 Mbtuh
  Qh = 1.12 x 1.0 x 498.9 = 558.8 Mbtuh
 
Hot Water T =

558.8 /
(0.5 x 72.6)

 = 15.4 oF
  Hot Water P = 10.1 * (72.6 / 72.6)2 = 10.1 PSI
   

5.

 HEAT INPUT (HEATING):

Qg = Qh / 0.97 = 558.8 / 0.97 = 576.1 Mbtuh Heat Input
 
Heat Medium T =

576.1 /
(0.5 x 114.1)

 = 10.1 oF
Heat Medium P = 8.8 * (114.1 / 114.1)2 = 8.8 PSI
Example 2:
Heat medium input temperature..........203°F
  Heat medium flow............................57.0 GPM
Cooling water inlet temperature..........85.1°F
  Cooling water flow...........................242.5 GPM
Chilled water outlet temperature.........44.6°F
  Hot water outlet temperature.............131°F
  Chilled/hot water flow.......................72.6 GPM
Chiller-heater model........WFC-SH30

Refer to Performance Charts for Curves (Page 7) and to Specifications (Page 5) for Rated Design Information on the Model WFC-SC/SH30.
   
1. Available Cooling Capacity:
  CCF at 203°F Heat Medium = 1.22
Heat Medium Flow = 57.0 / 114.1
Heat Medium Flow = 50%
HMFCF for 50% Flow Rate = 0.86
Qe = 1.22 x 0.86 x 360.0 = 377.7 Mbtuh (31.5 T)
 
Chilled Water T =

377.7 /
(0.5 x 72.6)

 = 10.4 oF
  Chilled Water P= 10.1 * (72.6 / 72.6)2 = 10.1 PSI
   
2. HEAT INPUT (COOLING):
  HIF at 203°F Heat Medium = 1.35
  HMFCF for 50% Flow Rate = 0.86
  Rated Heat Input = 514.2 Mbtuh
  Qg = 1.35 x 0.86 x 514.2 = 597.0 Mbtuh
Heat Input
 
Heat Medium T=

597.0 /
(0.5 x 57.0)

 = 20.9 oF
 
Heat Medium P= 8.8 * (57.0 / 114.1)2 = 2.2 PSI
   
3. HEAT REJECTED TO COOLING TOWER:
Qc = Qg + Qe
Qc = 597.0 + 377.7 = 974.7 Mbtuh
Required minimum flow rate = 242.5 GPM
The cooling tower selected must be capable of rejecting a minimum of 974.7 Mbtuh at a minimum flow rate of 242.5 GPM.
 
Cooling Water T =

974.7 /
(0.5 x 242.5)

 = 8.0 oF
  Cooling Water P = 6.7 * (242.5 / 242.5)2 = 6.7 PSI
   

4.

 AVAILABLE HEATING CAPACITY:
  HCF at 203°F Heat Medium = 1.33
  HMFCF for 50% Flow Rate = 0.86
  Rated Heating Capacity = 498.9 Mbtuh
  Qh = 1.33 x 0.86 x 498.9 Mbtuh = 570.6 Mbtuh
 
Hot Water T =

570.6 /
(0.5 x 72.6)

 = 15.7 oF
  Hot Water P = 10.1 * (72.6 / 72.6)2 = 10.1 PSI
   

5.

 HEAT INPUT (HEATING):

Qg = Qh / 0.97 = 570.6 / 0.97 = 588.2 Mbtuh Heat Input
 
Heat Medium T =

588.2 /
(0.5 x 57.0)

 = 20.6 oF
Heat Medium P= 8.8 x (57.0 / 114.1)2 = 2.2 PSI
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